https://ojs.itb-ad.ac.id/index.php/LQ/issue/feed Liquidity 2026-01-31T11:25:02+00:00 Pitri Yandri p.yandri@gmail.com Open Journal Systems <p><strong>Liquidity: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Manajemen </strong>adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Ahmad Dahlan Jakarta, dikhususkan bagi artikel ilmiah hasil penelitian bidang akuntansi dan manajemen perusahaan terapan.&nbsp;<strong>Liquidity: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Manajemen </strong>telah <strong>Terakreditasi Nasional </strong>dengan peringkat<strong> SINTA 4. </strong> p-ISSN: 1829-5150, e-ISSN: 2615-4846.<strong><br></strong></p> https://ojs.itb-ad.ac.id/index.php/LQ/article/view/3373 Strategi Kebijakan dalam Meningkatkan Kapasitas UMKM Kota Tangerang Selatan Berdasarkan Karakteristik dan Sebaran Usaha 2026-01-26T16:30:24+00:00 Aries Sundoro ariessundoro74@gmail.com Siffa Annisa Fitri Ramadhani ariessundoro74@gmail.com Gusneli gusnelidea@gmail.com <p><em><span id="tgtAlignment_0" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">This</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_1" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">study</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_2" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">aims</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_3" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">to</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_4" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">analyze</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_5" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">the</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_6" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">profile</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_7" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">and</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_8" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">geographical</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_9" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">distribution</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_10" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">of</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_11" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">MSMEs</span> in the <span id="tgtAlignment_12" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">restaurant</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_13" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">sector</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_14" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">in</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_15" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">South</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_16" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Tangerang</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_17" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">City</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_18" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">and</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_19" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">formulate</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_20" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">a</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_21" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">policy</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_22" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">strategy</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_23" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">to</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_24" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">strengthen</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_25" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">business</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_26" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">capacity</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_27" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">based</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_28" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">on</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_29" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">these</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_30" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">characteristics</span><span id="tgtAlignment_31" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_32" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Using</span> a <span id="tgtAlignment_33" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">descriptive</span><span id="tgtAlignment_34" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">-</span><span id="tgtAlignment_35" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">qualitative</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_36" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">approach</span><span id="tgtAlignment_37" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">,</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_38" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">this</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_39" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">study</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_40" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">processes</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_41" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">secondary</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_42" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">data</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_43" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">from</span> the <span id="tgtAlignment_44" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">South</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_45" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Tangerang</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_46" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">City</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_47" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Government</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_48" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">in</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_49" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">2025</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_50" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">and</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_51" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">interprets</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_52" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">it</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_53" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">through</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_54" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">structural</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_55" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">and</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_56" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">spatial</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_57" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">analysis</span><span id="tgtAlignment_58" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_59" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">The</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_60" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">results</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_61" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">of</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_62" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">the</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_63" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">study</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_64" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">show</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_65" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">that</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_66" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">the</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_67" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">structure</span> of <span id="tgtAlignment_68" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">restaurant</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_69" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">MSMEs</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_70" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">is</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_71" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">dominated</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_72" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">by</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_73" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">micro</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_74" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">enterprises</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_75" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">by</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_76" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">83</span><span id="tgtAlignment_77" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span><span id="tgtAlignment_78" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">36</span><span id="tgtAlignment_79" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">%,</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_80" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">while</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_81" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">small</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_82" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">businesses</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_83" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">only</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_84" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">cover</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_85" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">16</span><span id="tgtAlignment_86" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span><span id="tgtAlignment_87" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">64</span><span id="tgtAlignment_88" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">%</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_89" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">and</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_90" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">there</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_91" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">are</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_92" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">no</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_93" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">medium</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_94" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">enterprises</span><span id="tgtAlignment_95" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_96" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">This</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_97" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">condition</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_98" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">indicates</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_99" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">limited</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_100" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">business</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_101" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">capacity</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_102" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">and</span> the <span id="tgtAlignment_103" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">missing</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_104" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">middle</span> phenomenon <span id="tgtAlignment_105" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">that</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_106" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">hinders</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_107" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">the</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_108" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">development</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_109" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">of</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_110" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">MSMEs</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_111" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">towards</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_112" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">a</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_113" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">higher</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_114" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">scale</span><span id="tgtAlignment_115" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_116" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">In</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_117" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">addition</span><span id="tgtAlignment_118" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">,</span> the <span id="tgtAlignment_119" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">distribution</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_120" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">of</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_121" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">MSMEs</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_122" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">is</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_123" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">uneven</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_124" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">between</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_125" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">sub</span><span id="tgtAlignment_126" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">-</span><span id="tgtAlignment_127" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">districts</span><span id="tgtAlignment_128" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">,</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_129" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">with</span> the <span id="tgtAlignment_130" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">highest</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_131" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">concentrations</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_132" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">being</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_133" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">in</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_134" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Pondok</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_135" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Aren</span><span id="tgtAlignment_136" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">,</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_137" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">East</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_138" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Ciputat</span><span id="tgtAlignment_139" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">,</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_140" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">and</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_141" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Pamulang</span><span id="tgtAlignment_142" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">,</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_143" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">while</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_144" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">areas</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_145" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">such</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_146" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">as</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_147" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Setu</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_148" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">have</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_149" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">a</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_150" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">much</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_151" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">smaller</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_152" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">number</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_153" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">of</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_154" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">MSMEs</span><span id="tgtAlignment_155" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_156" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">These</span> findings <span id="tgtAlignment_157" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">confirm</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_158" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">the</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_159" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">need</span> for <span id="tgtAlignment_160" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">targeted</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_161" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">and</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_162" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">contextual</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_163" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">policies</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_164" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">through</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_165" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">strategies</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_166" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">based</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_167" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">on</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_168" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">business</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_169" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">structures</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_170" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">and</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_171" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">regional</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_172" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">characteristics</span><span id="tgtAlignment_173" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_174" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">These</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_175" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">strategies</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_176" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">include</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_177" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">strengthening</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_178" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">the</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_179" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">basic</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_180" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">capacity</span> of <span id="tgtAlignment_181" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">micro</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_182" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">businesses</span><span id="tgtAlignment_183" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">,</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_184" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">facilitating</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_185" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">small</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_186" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">business</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_187" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">growth</span><span id="tgtAlignment_188" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">,</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_189" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">building</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_190" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">community</span><span id="tgtAlignment_191" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">-</span><span id="tgtAlignment_192" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">based</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_193" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">MSME</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_194" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">clusters</span><span id="tgtAlignment_195" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">,</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_196" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">and</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_197" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">integrating</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_198" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">structural</span><span id="tgtAlignment_199" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">-</span><span id="tgtAlignment_200" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">spatial</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_201" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">approaches</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_202" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">to</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_203" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">produce</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_204" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">more</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_205" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">targeted</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_206" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">policies</span><span id="tgtAlignment_207" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_208" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">This</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_209" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">research</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_210" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">contributes</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_211" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">to</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_212" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">the</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_213" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">preparation</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_214" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">of</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_215" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">a</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_216" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">policy</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_217" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">model</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_218" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">that</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_219" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">can</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_220" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">support</span> the <span id="tgtAlignment_221" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">equitable</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_222" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">distribution</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_223" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">of</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_224" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">MSME</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_225" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">growth</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_226" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">and</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_227" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">increase</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_228" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">the</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_229" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">competitiveness</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_230" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">of</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_231" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">the</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_232" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">culinary</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_233" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">sector</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_234" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">in</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_235" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">South</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_236" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Tangerang</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_237" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">City</span></em></p> 2026-01-16T15:24:11+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Liquidity https://ojs.itb-ad.ac.id/index.php/LQ/article/view/3170 Optimizing Human Resources in Higher Education Institutions: Strategies and Challenges 2026-01-31T11:25:02+00:00 Nur Azis ariessundoro74@gmail.com Aries Sundoro ariessundoro74@gmail.com Wulandari Wulandari ariessundoro74@gmail.com Novi Irwansyah ariessundoro74@gmail.com Choerul Fakih ariessundoro74@gmail.com <p><em>Effective human resource (HR) management is a cornerstone for enhancing the quality of higher education institutions. Optimizing HR extends beyond enhancing the competencies of faculty and staff to include strengthening managerial systems, fostering workplace motivation, and leveraging information technology. This study aims to identify effective strategies for HR optimization in universities and explore the challenges encountered during implementation. Employing a descriptive qualitative literature review, the findings reveal that sustainable professional development, merit-based recruitment and promotion, and nurturing a culture of collaboration are most impactful. However, significant obstacles include limited financial resources, resistance to organizational change, and a lack of awareness of the importance of strategic HR management. To ensure sustainable improvement in educational quality, institutional commitment and supportive policies are essential.</em></p> 2026-01-16T15:23:45+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Liquidity https://ojs.itb-ad.ac.id/index.php/LQ/article/view/2802 Pengaruh Komite Audit, Kualitas Audit, dan Konservatisme Akuntansi Terhadap Tax Avoidance Dengan Kepemilikan Asing Sebagai Variabel Moderasi 2025-10-12T11:13:44+00:00 Hustna Sarra hustna.sarra@gmail.com Sustari Alamsyah hustna.sarra@gmail.com Syifa Rustianti N. hustna.sarra@gmail.com <p><em>The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of audit committee, audit quality, accounting conservatism on tax avoidance with foreign ownership as a moderating variable in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The research time period used is the year from the 2019-2023 period. The population of this study in Manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019-2023 period. The sampling technique used Purposive Sampling technique. Based on the predetermined criteria, 32 companies were obtained. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. The analysis method used is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the help of Eviews 12.0. The results of this study indicate that audit committee, audit quality, and accounting conservatism have no effect on tax avoidance, while foreign ownership has a positive effect on tax avoidance. Foreign ownership cannot moderate the relationship between audit committee, audit quality, and accounting conservatism on tax avoidance.</em></p> 2025-10-12T11:11:35+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Liquidity https://ojs.itb-ad.ac.id/index.php/LQ/article/view/3148 Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional dan Komisaris Independen Terhadap Financial Distress Dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Moderasi 2025-10-12T11:11:21+00:00 Putri Maulidya 21013010036@student.upnjatim.ac.id Endah Susilowati endahs.ak@upnjatim.ac.id <p><em>This study aims to examine the effect of institutional ownership and independent commissioners on financial distress, as well as the role of profitability in moderating this influence. The population used in this study were textile and garment sub-sector companies in 2019-2023 with a total sample of 16 companies. The analytical method used in this study is PLS-SEM using SmartPLS 3. The research findings show that institutional ownership has no effect on financial distress, independent commissioners have a positive effect on financial distress, profitability can moderate the effect of institutional ownership on financial distress, and profitability is unable to moderate the effect of independent commissioners on financial distress. The novelty of this research is to combine institutional ownership and independent commissioners on financial distress by adding profitability as moderating variable.</em></p> 2025-10-12T11:11:21+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Liquidity https://ojs.itb-ad.ac.id/index.php/LQ/article/view/3164 Determinan Profitabilitas Perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman Tahun 2019-2023 2025-10-12T11:11:01+00:00 Selvia Febrianti sitisundari.ak@upnjatim.ac.id Siti Sundari sitisundari.ak@upnjatim.ac.id <p><em>This research investigates the effect of receivables turnover, inventory turnover, and working capital turnover on the profitability of companies operating in the food and beverage sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2019 and 2023. A total of 16 companies were chosen as the sample using purposive sampling based on predetermined criteria. Utilizing a quantitative method with panel data, the analysis was carried out through a fixed effect panel regression model using EViews software. The findings reveal that receivables turnover significantly and positively contributes to profitability, indicating that improved receivables efficiency can enhance a firm’s earnings. On the other hand, inventory turnover and working capital turnover were found to have no meaningful impact on profitability, likely due to unstable management practices and considerable fluctuations observed during the study period.</em></p> 2025-10-12T11:11:01+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Liquidity