RUSTIC

Geometric Typology of an Organically Developed Commercial Corridor: A Case Study of Anggrek Street, Maumere

Cornelia Hildegardis — Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Organically developed commercial areas commonly exhibit diverse building geometries that influence the spatial character and visual quality of the urban environment. This study aims to identify and analyze the geometric typology of buildings along the Anggrek Street commercial corridor in Sikka Regency based on five geometric attributes: building position, orientation, basic form, form transformation, and visual inertia. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed through field observations of five representative buildings selected using purposive sampling to capture the diversity of geometric characteristics within the study area. The analysis adopted an architectural typology approach to examine the relationships among these geometric attributes in shaping the spatial character of the commercial corridor. The results indicate that the corridor is predominantly composed of semi-attached and attached building typologies, reflecting increasing land-use intensity. Building orientation facing the street corridor enhances urban legibility and the visibility of commercial activities. The basic forms are primarily rectangular and cuboid, which have evolved through additive and subtractive transformations in response to spatial requirements. Differences in visual inertia are influenced by mass composition, color, façade articulation, and signage. The findings demonstrate that the spatial character of the corridor is shaped primarily by geometric transformation rather than variations in basic building form. Unlike previous typological studies that primarily focus on planned commercial districts, this study develops an integrated framework consisting of five geometric attributes to interpret organically developed commercial corridors. This study contributes to the advancement of geometric typology research by providing empirical insights into organically developed commercial corridors in small emerging cities, offering a conceptual basis for future urban design and corridor planning.

Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) Analysis of the Banten Provincial Language Office Building

Moh. Asep Somantri Somantri, Annisa Marwati — Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study evaluates the thermal performance of the building envelope at the Banten Provincial Language Office through an analysis of the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV). The objective of this study is to calculate the OTTV value and identify the facade elements that contribute the greatest heat load to ensure compliance with the SNI 03-6389-2020 standard (maximum 35 W/m²). The primary method used was a mixed-methods approach employing a case study methodology, which involved field observations, analysis of construction drawings, and an OTTV spreadsheet calculator provided by the Ministry of Public Works and People’s Housing (PUPR). The main results show that the current OTTV value is 69.43 W/m², which does not meet the national standard. The east facade contributes the highest heat gain (85.10 W/m²) due to a window-to-wall ratio (WWR) of 54.72% and 8 mm-thick clear glass. Building orientation, materials, glass type, opening area (WWR), and the use of shading systems are critical factors in calculating the OTTV value. Modifying the glass material by using Stopray Double Glass on the east and north facades successfully reduced the total OTTV value by 50.02% to 34.70 W/m². This material intervention proved effective in meeting national energy conservation standards.

Can Vertical Housing Mitigate Urban Sprawl? Insights From Metropolitan Jakarta

Nalendra Badra, Hanifa Fijriah — Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The transformation of Jakarta from a colonial administrative center into a modern megacity has pushed residential development outward, drove rapid conversion of green space and compounding urban problems such as traffic congestion and inefficient land use. This study evaluates vertical housing as a strategic response to mitigate urban sprawl and identifies factors influencing public interest in high-rise living across Greater Jakarta. Employing a qualitative grounded theory approach with case studies, data were collected via questionnaires distributed to Generation X, Y, and Z respondents between December 2025 and January 2026, supplemented by literature review and spatial observation using Jakarta Satu and other platforms. Findings indicate a generally positive public disposition toward vertical housing, with 58 percent of respondents expressing interest in apartment living. Primary motivators include accessibility to economic centers, proximity to public transportation, and comprehensive internal facilities, while principal barriers comprise privacy concerns, shortages of open space, and property costs. Preference clusters are concentrated in Jakarta and Greater Tangerang, where infrastructure and accessibility are strongest. The study concludes that realizing the potential of vertical housing to curb urban sprawl depends critically on coordinated action by developers and government to deliver housing that meets the United Nations’ seven criteria for adequate housing, addressing both physical amenities and social needs to ensure equitable, sustainable high-density urban living.

Grown, Not Mined: Hybrid Bamboo Construction as a Low-Carbon Alternative to Concrete and Steel in a Tropical Restaurant

Ahmad Syahmi Haikal Adzka, Nia Namirah Hanum — Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The construction sector is a major source of global carbon emissions, driven largely by cement, whose manufacture accounts for roughly 7–8% of worldwide CO₂. Heavy reliance on energy-intensive, non-renewable concrete and steel intensifies this burden, prompting a search for renewable structural alternatives such as bamboo: fast-growing, renewable, and an active carbon sink. This study evaluates how bamboo performs as an alternative structural material in an in-service commercial building, and how its known limitations are managed. Using a qualitative single-case design at Kampung Kecil Cinere Restaurant, Depok, data were gathered through field observation of 38 dining units (saung), visual documentation of structural details, a management interview, and a literature-based comparison with concrete and steel. The building relies on two local species used by function: black bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolacea, "Wulung") as load-bearing columns, and rope bamboo (Gigantochloa apus, "Apus") for curved members, joined by traditional ijuk and rattan lashings. Durability, bamboo's main weakness in a hot-humid climate, is managed through a hybrid strategy: ceramic clad concrete plinths isolate columns from moisture, and a metal roof replaced the original thatch while a woven bamboo ceiling preserves the interior. The study's contribution is to reframe bamboo's feasibility as a matter of configuration: species selection, hybrid detailing, and moisture management; rather than of the raw material, offering transferable guidance for low carbon tropical commercial architecture; it did not include load testing or quantitative life cycle carbon assessment.

Construction Risk Management Under Pandemic Conditions: An Activity-Level Assessment of Construction Activities in Indonesia

Budi Adi Dharma Siregar, Mohammad Azhar, Pio Ranap Tua Naibaho — Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted construction projects worldwide by introducing risks related to occupational health and safety (OHS), workforce availability, and material supply. While previous studies have largely focused on project- and organizational-level impacts, limited empirical research has examined how pandemic-related risks affect individual construction activities. This study investigates pandemic-related risks from an activity-level perspective and proposes mitigation strategies based on evidence from a developing-country context. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using a questionnaire survey of 112 construction practitioners involved in active projects during the pandemic. Data were analyzed using Mean Score Analysis and the Relative Importance Index (RII) to evaluate the severity of risks affecting construction stakeholders and specific construction activities. The results show that OHS was the most critical risk category (mean = 3.82), followed by labor availability (3.71) and material procurement (3.58). At the activity level, masonry work was the most affected (mean = 3.79), followed by earthwork (3.63) and concrete work (3.49). These findings indicate that pandemic-related risks are unevenly distributed across construction activities, with labor-intensive activities being particularly vulnerable to health restrictions and workforce disruptions. This study extends construction risk management literature by introducing an activity-level assessment perspective and emphasizes the need to integrate health-related risks into conventional risk management frameworks while adopting activity-specific mitigation strategies to improve resilience against future public health emergencies and other large-scale disruptions.

Bioclimatic Design Strategies for a Public Plaza in Pekanbaru, Indonesia

Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The development of commercial areas in major cities such as Pekanbaru continues to grow rapidly in line with increasing economic activity and the rising demand for multifunctional public spaces. However, most commercial buildings in Indonesia remain focused on visual image-making and modern aesthetics, with limited consideration for energy efficiency and thermal comfort. This design study examines the application of bioclimatic architectural principles to a three-story commercial plaza whose primary functions include a culinary center, coworking space, and retail area. The aim of this design is to create a climate-responsive and energy-efficient building that ensures optimal thermal comfort for its users. The design method employs a bioclimatic approach through analysis of building orientation, spatial layout, facade treatment, and the integration of passive elements such as vegetated balconies, secondary skin, and overhangs. The design results indicate that the façade strategy using a secondary skin effectively reduces direct heat exposure from the west, while the addition of vegetation on balconies and the roof provides natural shading and enhances the building’s visual quality. Furthermore, the spatial orientation based on sun path and wind flow improves the efficiency of natural lighting and ventilation. Overall, this design demonstrates that the integration of passive architectural elements can create sustainable commercial buildings that are adaptive to tropical climatic conditions.